وقتی بخواهیم درباره ی گذشته صحبت کنیم باید از زمان گذشته ی ساده استفاده کنیم.
When we want to talk about past event we need to use simple past.
گذشته ی ساده با فعل بودن بسیار ساده است و تمام قوانین در زمان حال را می توان برای گذشته نیز استفاده کرد و تنها تفاوتش این است که شکل فعل تغییر می کند.
Present | past |
---|---|
Am | Was |
Is | Was |
Are | Were |
Present | past |
---|---|
I am a teacher | I was a teacher |
He is my friend. | He was my friend |
She is an actor. | She was an actor. |
It is a chair | It was a chair. |
You are in Iran | You were in Iran. |
We are happy. | We were happy. |
They are in the kitchen. | They were in the kitchen. |
برای منفی کردن و سوالی کردن نیز به همان قوانین حاکم بر زمان حال ساده با فعل "بودن" برمی گردیم.
Question | Question |
---|---|
I am ... = am I ...? | I was ... = was I ...? |
He is ... = is he ...? | He was ... = was he ...? |
You are ... = are you ...? | You were ... = were you ...? |
negative | negative |
---|---|
I am ... = I am not .... | I was ... = I wasn’t ... |
He is ... = he isn’t ... | He was ... = he wasn’t ... |
You are ... = you aren’t ... | You were ... = you weren’t ... |
Sentence | meaning |
---|---|
I was a teacher five years ago. | پنج سال پیش من یک معلم بودم. |
He was my friend in Mashhad. | او دوست من در مشهد بود. |
We were happy in the morning. | ما امروز صبح خوشحال بودیم. |
Were you in Mashhad last night? | آیا دیشب تو در مشهد بودی؟ |
Was she your teacher last term? | آیا اوترم گذشته معلم تو بود؟ |
Was he happy in Iran? | آیا او در ایران خوشحال بود؟ |
I wasn’t in Tehran last year. | من پارسال درتهران نبودم. |
We weren’t angry with that man. | ما از آن مرد عصبانی نبودیم. |
He wasn’t born in Esfand. | او در ماه اسفند به دنیا نیامده بود. |
Use simple past for finished time in the past.
گذشته ی ساده برای زمان تمام شده در گذشته استفاده می شود.
There are two different kinds of past: with regular verbs and irregular verbs.
گذشته ی ساده با دو نوع فعل استفاده می شود. فعل های با قاعده و فعل های بی قاعده.
To change the regular verbs into past, we need to simply add “ed” to the verb.
برای اینکه جمله ی زمان حال کامل به گذشته تبدیل شود کافی است "ed" را به فعل با قاعده اضافه کنیم.
Base form | Meaning | Past form |
---|---|---|
Want | خواستن | Wanted |
Look | نگاه کردن | Looked |
Use | استفاده کردن | Used |
Work | کار کردن | Worked |
Call | تماس گرفتن، صدا زدن | Called |
Try | تلاش کردن | Tried |
Ask | پرسیدن | Asked |
Need | نیاز داشتن | Needed |
Seem | به نظر رسیدن | Seemed |
Help | کمک کردن | Helped |
Talk | صحبت کردن | Talked |
Turn | چرخیدن | Turned |
Start | شروع کردن | Started |
Play | بازی کردن | Played |
Move | حرکت کردن | Moved |
Base form | Meaning | Past form |
---|---|---|
Like | دوست داشتن | Liked |
Live | زندگی کردن | Lived |
Believe | اعتقاد داشتن | Believed |
Happen | اتفاق افتادن | Happened |
Change | تغییر دادن | Changed |
Watch | نگاه کردن | Watched |
Stop | متوقف شدن | Stopped |
Open | باز کردن | Opened |
Walk | راه رفتن | Walked |
Love | دوست داشتن | Loved |
Wait | صبر کردن | Waited |
Decide | تصمیم گرفتن | Decided |
Hope | امیدوار بودن | Hoped |
End | پایان یافتن | Ended |
Listen | گوش کردن | listened |
In the positive sentences we need to use these verbs.
در جملات مثبت باید از فعل های گذشته استفاده کرد.
But in negative and questions we need to use an auxiliary “didn’t” or “did”.
اما در جملات منفی و سوالی باید از یک فعل کمکی استفاده شود. چرا که فعل های اصلی قابلیت این را ندارند که با جا به جا شدن با فاعل سوالی شوند و برای منفی شدن "not" بگیرد. نکته ی مهم این است که اولا این فعل کمکی "did" یا "didn’t" برای تمام فاعل ها ثابت است. دوما بعد از فعل کمکی شکل فعل به حالت ساده برمیگردد یعنی نباید شکل فعل را گذشته استفاده کرد. زیرا ما گذشته بودن زمان جمله را یک بار با "did" نشان داده ایم.
Posetive | Negative |
---|---|
I wanted to be a doctor. | I didn’t want to be a doctor. |
She decided to travel to Tehran. | She didn’t decide to travel to Tehran. |
We played soccer last night. | We didn’t play soccer last night. |
He helped me a lot in the morning. | He didn’t help me a lot in the morning. |
They worked in that company last year. | They didn’t work in that company last year. |
You used my cellphone 2 hours ago. | You didn’t use my cellphone 2 hours ago. |
برای سوالی کردن باید به طریق زیر عمل کرد و اگر بخواهیم از کلمات پرسشی استفاده کنیم کافی است آنها را قبل سوال بلی و یا خیر بیاورید.
کلمه پرسشی+ فعل کمکی+ فاعل+ فعل اصلی+ بقیه ی جمله
Question | Auxiliary | Subject | Base form of the verb |
---|---|---|---|
- | Did | you | visit the museum? |
- | Did | he | cook dinner? |
- | Did | they | study French? |
Where | did | you | live? |
What | did | she | study? |
How | did | you | travel to school? |
Use past simple for finished events in the past.
All the rules are the same for irregular form. The only difference is the form of the verbs. It means sometimes the verbs change completely and sometimes they don’t change.
تمام قوانین حاکم بر قسمت قبلی در اینجا نیز درست است و تنها تفاوت فعل ها با فعل های قبلی این است که شکل این فعل های بی قاعده در حالت گذشته یا کاملا تغییر می کند و یا اصلا تغییر نمی کند و یا بخشی از فعل تغییر می کند.
Base form | Meaning | Past form |
---|---|---|
Is / am | بودم، بود | Was |
Are | بودیم، بودید | Were |
wear | پوشیدن | Wore |
Break | شکستن | Broke |
Buy | خریدن | Bought |
Can | توانستن | Could |
Come | آمدن | Came |
Do / does | انجام دادن | Did |
Drink | نوشیدن | Drank |
Drive | رانندگی کردن | Drove |
Eat | خوردن | Ate |
Find | پیدا کردن | Found |
Get | خریدن، گرفتن | Got |
Give | دادن | Gave |
go | رفتن | Went |
Speak | صحبت کردن | Spoke |
Swim | شنا کردن | Swam |
take | گرفتن | Took |
Base form | Meaning | Past form |
---|---|---|
Have / has | داشتن، خوردن | Had |
Hear | شنیدن | Heard |
Know | دانستن | Knew |
Leave | ترک کردن | Left |
Lose | گم کردن، باختن | Lost |
Make | درست کردن | Made |
Meet | ملاقات کردن | Met |
Pay | پرداختن | Paid |
Read | خواندن | Read |
Ride | راندن | Rode |
Say | گفتن | Said |
See | دیدن | Saw |
Send | فرستادن | Sent |
Sit | نشستن | Sat |
Sleep | خوابیدن | Slept |
Tell | گفتن | Told |
Think | فکر کردن | Thought |
Write | نوشتن | Wrote |
توجه داشته باشید که هر کدام از این افعال می توانند معانی مختلفی داشته باشند و برای دانستن تمامی معانی آنها باید به دیکشنری مراجعه شود.
Present form | Past form |
---|---|
I usually eat traditional food. من معمولا غذای سنتی می خورم. | Yesterday, I ate fast food. دیروز فست فود خوردم. |
You read Khorasan newspaper. شما روزنامه ی خراسان می خوانید. | Last week you read Hamshahri newspaper. هفته ی گذشته روزنامه ی همشهری خواندی. |
She drives fast. او با سرعت رانندگی می کند. | She drove slowly last time. دفعه ی گذشته او آرام رانندگی کرد. |
He goes to work at 8. او ساعت هشت به محل کارش می رود. | He went to work at 9 on Monday. او دوشنبه ساعت نه به محل کارش رفت. |
We wear T-shirt on the beach. ما در ساحل تیشرت می پوشیم. | We wore shirt last year. سال گذشته ما پیرهن پوشیدیم. |
They make good food. آنها خوب غذا می پزند. | They made good food. آنها غذای خوبی می پختند. |
برای سوالی کردن نیز باید مراقب باشیم که بعد از فعل کمکی باید فعل را به حالت ساده دربیاوریم و نباید آن را به صورت گذشته در کنار "فعل کمکی did" نوشت.
sentence | question |
---|---|
Yesterday, I ate fast food. | Did you eat fast food yesterday? |
Last week you read Hamshahri newspaper. | Did you read Hamshahri newspaper? |
She drove slowly last time. | Did she drive slowly last time? |
He went to work at 9 on Monday. | Did he go to work at 9 on Monday? |
We wore shirt last year. | Did you wear shirt last year? |
They made good food. | Did they make good food? |
Sentence | Negative |
---|---|
Yesterday, I ate fast food. | Yesterday, I didn’t eat fast food. |
Last week you read Hamshahri newspaper. | Last week you didn’t read Hamshahri newspaper. |
She drove slowly last time. | She didn’t drive slowly last time. |
He went to work at 9 on Monday. | He didn’t go to work at 9 on Monday. |
We wore shirt last year. | We didn’t wear shirt last year. |
They made good food. | They didn’t make good food. |
برای دسترسی به دروس بیشتر به لینک زیر مراجعه کنید.
لغات زبان انگلیسی به تفکیک موضوع
درک مطلب از سطح مبتدی تا پیشرفته
تمامی موضوعات آیلتس اسپیکینگ پارت یک، دو و سه همراه با جواب
لینک های مرتبط
گرامر درباره ی گذشته ی ساده با فعل بودن
گرامر درباره ی گذشته ی ساده با افعال با قاعده
گرامر درباره ی گذشته ی ساده با فعل های بی قاعده و منفی کردن و سوالی کردن
The teacher ....... a note to Nina's parents.
They ....... what the student said in class yesterday.
He ....... the ball at me.
Anna ....... to class yesterday because she was at the hospital.
It was snowing last night. It ....... so cold!
He ....... his examination because he ....... very hard.
I ....... anything last week.
Complete the text with the following verbs.
did / talked / ate / met / went / saw/ was
What did you do?
Not much we about our problems, of course, and we a film on Saturday night. Then we food at that French restaurant, 'Serge's'.
What about you? Did you have a good weekend?
Yes, it OK, thanks. I into town on Saturday morning and I Dave, and we some shopping.
Well, you need a rest now and again.
Complete the gaps with the verbs below.
enjoyed/ cooked / went / left /took/ read / was /played / stayed / bought
It , great! We in a really nice little house near the sea. We for walks, and we food from the local farms. We dinner at home most nights, we books instead of watching TV and the kids games in the garden. It rained sometimes, of course, but we every day. I a few photos the day before we I'll send you them, and give you the address of the house!
Describe your last birthday party that you had.
You should say:
Where was it?
What did you wear?
What did you do?
Write about one of your good childhood memory.
You should write:
How old were you?
Why this memory is good?
آغاز دوره های آنلاین آموزش زبان توسط استاد خصوصی
اینجا کلیک کنیدماژیک فسفری
با استفاده از ماژیک فسفری می توانید کلمات و بخش های مهم را برای خود علامت گذاری نمایید و هنگام پاسخ به آزمون از آنها استفاده کنید. برای از بین بردن بخش های رنگی دوباره روی آن کلیک نمایید.
دفترچه یادداشت
هر تعدادی که دوست دارید دفترچه یادداشت ایجاد کنید و نکات مهم را در آن بنویسید.
برای استفاده از دفترچه یادداشت بر روی قسمتی از درس یا آزمون که می خواهید در آنجا نکته ی مهمی را قرار دهید کلیک نمایید.سپس در آن قسمت یک دفترچه یادداشت جدید ایجاد میشود و با کلیک بر روی آن می توانید بازش کنید و نکته های مهم را بنویسید.