Grammar about Passive in present or past
آموزش گرامر متوسط مجهول و معلوم در زبان انگلیسی
Passive
You can often say things in two different ways: Active or Passive.
Active: My friend washed that car.
دوستم آن ماشین را شست.
Passive : That car was washed.
آن ماشین شسته شد.
ما می توانیم جملات را به دو شکل معلوم و مجهول بگوییم.
We use passive for different purposes. First we don’t know the doer. Second the action is more important and third it is obvious who has done the action. Like he was arrested and sent to the prison. It is obvious the police arrested the man.
به سه علت از جملات مجهول استفاده می کنیم. اول اینکه شاید ندانیم کننده ی کار چه کسی است. دوم اینکه شاید عمل مهمتر از کننده ی کار باشد. مثلا آقای علی محمد آبادی شامبه، قصر پادشاه های دوره ی قاجاریه را ساخته است. همانطور که می بینید مهم این است که این قصر در دوره ی قاجاریه ساخته شده است. و دلیل سوم این است که شاید کننده ی کار معلوم و واضح باشد. وقتی می گوییم آن مرد دستگیر شد و به زندان افتاد، ما می دانیم پلیس این کار را انجام داده است.
برای مجهول کردن جمله ی معلوم کافی است فاعل جمله را حذف کنیم. سپس مفعول را به جای فاعل جمله ی مجهول استفاده کنیم. و فعل را طبق جدول زیر تغییر دهیم.
| Active | passive |
|---|---|
| Simple present | Am, is, are + past participle |
| She makes cakes. او کیک ها را می پزد. | Cakes are made by her. کیک ها به وسیله ی او پخته می شود. |
| Simple past | Was, were + past participle |
| She made cakes. او کیک ها را پخت. | Cakes were made by her. کیک ها به وسیله ی او پخته شدند. |
Examples for present and past passive
| Active | passive |
|---|---|
| He always breaks the pens. | The pens are always broken by him. |
| He sells books. | Books are sold. |
| She brings flowers to our home. | Flowers are brought to our home. |
| I built this house. | This house was built by me. |
| He bought a nice shirt for me. | A nice shirt was bought for me. |
| He told me big secrets. | big secrets were told to me. |
We can mention the subject to the passive sentence.
(By + subject)
اگر بخواهیم فاعل جمله را ذکر کنیم باید از فرمول بالا استفاده کنیم.
برای دسترسی به دروس بیشتر به لینک زیر مراجعه کنید.
لغات زبان انگلیسی به تفکیک موضوع
درک مطلب از سطح مبتدی تا پیشرفته
تمامی موضوعات آیلتس اسپیکینگ پارت یک، دو و سه همراه با جواب
لینک های مرتبط
Their house ....... every year.
Bananas ....... in India.
Thousands of cars ....... every year.
Our house ....... by solar power.
I am sorry, I couldn't come with you. I ....... that party.
Some of my books ....... by my friends.
A huge amount of money ....... for that house.
Complete the sentence using the correct form of the verb.
Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple , active or passive .
It's a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) there.
Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple , active or passive .
Water (cover) most of the earth's surface.
Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple , active or passive .
How much of the earth's surface (cover) by water?
Talk about the process of producing cheese or any other things you know. Use passive sentences.
Write about the house work you or your family do around the house but in passive.
For example:
The dishes are washed by my mother, ....
