How to form superlatives and comparative

1: Comparison

Comparatives and superlatives

A   Forms Regular one-syllable adjectives:

A    add -er and -est to the adjective:

Adjective : cheap

Comparative : cheaper

Superlative : the cheapest

Other examples: clean, dark, light, short, tall, slow

B   add -r and -st to adjectives ending in -e:

late     later       the latest

Other examples: large, loose, safe, strange, wise

c   double the consonant of adjectives ending in a short vowel and a consonant, and add -er and -est:

thin      thinner      the thinnest

Other examples: fat, sad, wet, red, big, hot, fit

2   Regular adjectives with more than one syllable

A use more and most in front of the adjective:

sincere        more sincere          the most sincere

Other examples: boring, careful, modern, comfortable

B   change -y to -i and add -er and -est to adjectives ending in -y after a consonant:

happy        happier             the happiest

Other examples: dirty, friendly, funny, noisy, tidy, silly

C   a limited number of two-syllabic adjectives can form the comparative and superlative in two ways:

stupid       stupider        more stupid        the stupidest         the most stupid

Other examples: clever, common, polite, quiet, gentle

D most adverbs form their comparative and superlative with more and most:

quietly         more quietly            the most quietly

a limited number have comparative and superlative forms with -er (or -r) and -est (or -st)

fast              faster           the fastest

Other examples: early, hard, late, long, soon

a: irregular adjectives in comparative and superlative

b: Comparative and superlative form of adverbs:

c: Irregular forms: determiners in comparative and superlative

B    Use

1   To talk about people or things that arc different in some way we use:

a   Comparative forms of adjectives/adverbs + than.

I think listening is more difficnlt than reading.

For small differences use a bit, a little, slightly.

You need to work a little harder

For big differences use much, a lot, far, significantly.

My new car's much faster than my old one.

b Superlative forms of adjectives/adverbs:

That's the nicest thing you've said to me all day.

To emphasize the difference between one person or thing from all the others we can use by far:

This is by far the best book I've ever read.

c   Less ... than and the least

Rugby is less popular than football here. That's my least favourite track on the album.

2 As ... as

a For people or things that are the same in some way we use as + adjective/adverb +as.

Size's as intelligent as her sister.

Almost, nearly; just, twice, three times, etc can be used to qualify the comparisons.

There were nearly twice as many people at the party as last year.

b So can replace the first as in negative sentences.

It's not so difficult as I thought it would be.

Quite and nearly can be used to qualify negative sentences of this type.

Her new film isn't nearly as bad as her last one. (= her new film is much better than her last one)

He's not quite so impatient as his brother.

(= he's a little more patient than his brother)

c    The same + noun + as

My mom 's the same age as my dad.

3    The + comparative, the + comparative

We use this structure for things which occur together .

The more money I have, the faster I spend it.

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