فرنلیش - B2 grammar about ways of expressing purpose

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Expressing purpose

There are several different ways of expressing purpose (saying why people do things).

I'm writing to thank you for the lovely present you sent.

The negative infinitive, not to do something, cannot be used to express purpose:

She wore dark glasses in order not to be recognized.

We set off early so as to avoid the traffic.

a Future meaning: so (that) + can/will/ present simple

I'm going to save some money so I can go away on holiday.

I'll take an umbrella so that I don't/won't get wet.

b Past meaning: so (that) + could/would

I sat near the front so that I could see the board better.

If we do something to prepare for a possible situation or problem we use in case + present simple/past simple.

a Future meaning: in case + present simple

Here are some crisps in case yon get hungry later on.

b Past meaning: in case + past simple

He made a copy in case he lost the original.

Note the difference in meaning between in case and if:

I'll take my umbrella if it rains. (= I'll take my umbrella only if it is raining when I leave the house.)

I'll take my umbrella in case it rains. (= I'll take it as a precaution, even if it isn't raining when I leave the house.)

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