fce reading about trash

موضوع صحبت درباره ی مشکلات زمین در کتاب اف سی ای
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Speaking

Part 3

Collaborative task

Before you do the following Speaking Part 3 task, do the exercise in the Useful language box below.

1  Imagine that you belong to an environmental group and you want to inform people of the environmental issues below. Talk with your partner about what ordinary people can do to help solve these issues.

Now decide which two issues ordinary people can do most to help solve.

Question No. /

What can ordinary people do to help solve these issues?

Household waste

recycled paper

Traffic pollution

carbon monoxide

Climate change

rising sea levels

River and sea pollution

toxic effluent

Dirty streets

dog_ mess

Useful language

One vocabulary item has been given for each of the five issues above. Add two more of the following items to each issue.

bottle  bank          biofuel    cars    dumping waste    exhaust fumes   cigarette butts      dropping litter          plastic containers   global warming      greenhouse effect      oil slick

When commenting on your partner's opinions you can use so, neither or nor and the language you saw on page 128 of Unit 10 for agreeing and disagreeing.

Reading and Use of English 2

Part 6

Gapped text

146

1  How many items do you have with you now which are made of or contain plastic? What other plastic items can you see in the classroom?

In what ways might your daily life be affected if there was no plastic?

2  Read the base text on page 14 7 about the North Pacific gyre. Is there any information in the text which surprises you?

3  Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Question No. /

The Trash Vortex

The North Pacific gyre is a large area of the Pacific in which the water moves slowly round in a clockwise direction. Winds are light and the currents tend to force any floating material, including plastics and other slow degrading rubbish, into the central area of the gyre, where it remains in huge quantities. This gyre is sometimes called the Trash Vortex or the Pacific Garbage Patch. Some plastics here will not break down in the lifetimes of the grandchildren of the people who threw them away.

Around 100 million tonnes of plastic are produced each year, of which about ten per cent ends up in the sea. Take a walk along any beach anywhere in the world and you will find polythene plastic bags, bottles and containers, plastic drums, polystyrene packing, pieces of polypropylene fishing net, traffic cones, disposable lighters, vehicle tyres and toothbrushes.

These larger items are the visible signs of a much larger problem. They do not degrade like natural materials.

A single one litre bottle could separate into enough tiny pieces to put one on every mile of beach in the entire world.

However, items such as bottle tops, lighters and balloons are consumed by seabirds and other animals which mistake them for food. A turtle found dead in Hawaii had over a thousand pieces of plastic in its stomach and intestines. It has been estimated that plastic kills over a million seabirds and one hundred thousand marine mammals and sea turtles each year.

The North Pacific gyre is only one of five major ocean gyres. The Sargasso Sea is a well known slow circulation area in the Atlantic, and research there has also demonstrated high concentrations of plastic particles present in the water.

In fact, around 70 per cent of discarded plastic sinks to the bottom. In the North Sea, Dutch scientists have counted around 110 pieces of litter for every square kilometre of the seabed, a staggering 600000 tonnes in the North Sea alone. These plastics can cover the sea bottom and kill the marine life which is found there.

The issue of plastic waste is one that needs to be urgently addressed. Obviously though, there is a need to make ship owners and operators, offshore platforms and fishing boat operators more aware of the consequences of irresponsible disposal of plastic items.

With so many threats to the world oceans including pollution, overfishing and climate change we urgently need to rescue marine biodiversity in the most effective way possible.

A At sea and on shore, under the influence of sunlight and the action of waves, they simply break down slowly into increasingly smaller particles.

B We can all contribute by avoiding plastics in the things we buy and by disposing of our waste responsibly.

C It is possible that this Trash Vortex problem is one which is present in other oceans as well.

D Even tiny jellyfish eat the small plastic particles floating in the water.

E They have been casually thrown away on land and at sea and carried ashore by wind and tide.

F Of course, not all plastic floats.

G This perhaps wouldn't be too much of a problem if the plastic had no harmful effects.

 Give examples of ways in which we could 'avoid plastics in the things we buy'.

 

 

 

bottle bank
محل بازیافت بطری
biofuel cars
خودروهای سوخت زیستی
cigarette butts
ته سیگار
dropping litter
ریختن زباله
dumping waste
تخلیه زباله
exhaust fumes
دود اگزوز
greenhouse effects
اثرات گلخانه ای
oil slick
نشت نفت
clockwise
در جهت عقربه های ساعت
degrading
تخریب شدن
break down
درهم شکستن
lighters
فندک ها
disposable
قابل عرضه
entire world
تمام دنیا
turtle
لاک پشت
intestines
روده ها
mammals
پستانداران
discarded
دور انداخته شد
sinks to the bottom
به پایین فرو می رود
staggering
سرسام آور
consequences
عواقب
threats
تهدیدها
overfishing
صید بی رویه
biodiversity
تنوع زیستی
on shore
در ساحل
jellyfish
عروس دریایی
plastic particles
ذرات پلاستیک

آغاز دوره های آنلاین آموزش زبان توسط استاد خصوصی

اینجا کلیک کنید

ماژیک فسفری

با استفاده از ماژیک فسفری می توانید کلمات و بخش های مهم را برای خود علامت گذاری نمایید و هنگام پاسخ به آزمون از آنها استفاده کنید. برای از بین بردن بخش های رنگی دوباره روی آن کلیک نمایید.

دفترچه یادداشت

هر تعدادی که دوست دارید دفترچه یادداشت ایجاد کنید و نکات مهم را در آن بنویسید.
برای استفاده از دفترچه یادداشت بر روی قسمتی از درس یا آزمون که می خواهید در آنجا نکته ی مهمی را قرار دهید کلیک نمایید.سپس در آن قسمت یک دفترچه یادداشت جدید ایجاد میشود و با کلیک بر روی آن می توانید بازش کنید و نکته های مهم را بنویسید.