چگونه جملات تاپیک را پارافریز کنیم
روش های مختلف برای تغییر ساختار جمله ی تاپیک در آزمون رایتینگ آیلتس
How to paraphrase the Topic Sentence in IELTS writing
یکی از مهمترین بخش هایی که آزمون دهنده ها با آن مشکل دارند، تغییر دادن جمله ی تاپیک است. در این درس می خواهیم راه های مختلف تغییر جمله را بیاموزیم.
Lesson 1:
روش اول این است که برای کلمات مختلف یک جمله از هم معنی هایی استفاده کنیم که کاربرد مشابه ای دارد. برای این کار شما می بایست دانش خوبی در لغت داشته باشید. به این معنا که برای کلمات زیادی شما باید هم معنی بدانید
Paraphrase with Synonyms
What to do: Find a synonym for the words/phrases that are underlined. Re-write each sentence using these new words or phrases.
Possible answer:
1 The majority of the women who went to the one-day meeting were in business with their husbands.
2 Approximately 30,000 students may be assisted by the proposed "free lunch" program.
3 With the development of flash memory cards, the market for portable music players jumped sharply.
4 Although the coach's strategy was a little dangerous, the team was successful.
5 Therefore, the effect was an increase in student examination results.
6 In addition, a strong typhoon is expected to batter the coast over the next few days.
7 The expenditure needed to combat climate change will require changes to the federal government's budget.
8 The engineer must judge how much dynamite to use according to the volume of material to be removed from the tunnel.
9 Two of the students were expelled for violating the school's "no fighting".
Possible answers.
1 More than half of the women who attended the one-day meeting were in business with their spouses.
2 About 30,000 students may be helped by the planned "free lunch" program.
3 With the invention of flash memory cards, the demand for portable music players increased significantly.
4 Even though the coach's plan was risky. the team was successful.
5 Consequently. the result was an increase in student test scores.
6 Furthermore, a strong hurricane is expected to hit the coast over the next few days.
7 The money needed to fight climate change will require changes to the federal government's financial plans.
8 The engineer must decide how much dynamite to use depending on the amount of material to be removed from the tunnel.
9 Two students were kicked out of school for breaking the school's "no fighting" rule.
Lesson 2:
روش دوم و خیلی مناسب برای پارافریز کردن تاپیک تغییر فعل از حالت معلوم به مجهول و یا برعکس می باشد. برای اینکه بتوانید این تغییر را به آسانی بدهید باید این گرامر را بدانید.
Paraphrase by Changing Active to Passive
What to do: Here are 15 sentences. They are written in the active form. Rewrite the sentences into the passive form.
For example:
A tornado destroyed the house.
Change to:
The house was destroyed by a tornado.
Sahar had treated hundreds of patients before he received his medical license.
Change to:
Hundreds of patients had been treated by Sahar before she received her medical license.
ابتدا سعی کنید این جملات را خودتان تغییر بدهید و سپس به پاسخ آنها نگاه کنید.
1 My mother washes the floor every Saturday.
2 The policewoman is delivering the food to an orphanage.
3 That tall man in the corner mailed our package.
4 The professor was helping a student when the bell sounded.
5 Millions of tourists have visited the Eiffel Tower.
6 John and George have been filling the on-line orders.
7 Jim had been tutoring the twins for six months before he decided to go to Tibet.
8 The green team will finish the new truck design by next week.
9 In 2011, the columnist is going to be writing a book about Albert Einstein.
10 Next month, John will write a story about European hockey players.
11 My son will have earned enough high school credits by next semester.
12 The French professors used to teach students in the East Building.
13 My teachers would always assign spring break homework.
14 We all knew the team would finish the project on time.
15 I thought Jennifer was going to make the travel arrangements.
Possible answers.
1 The floor is washed by my mother every Saturday.
2 The food is being delivered to the orphanage by the policewoman.
3 Our package was mailed by that tall man in the corner.
4 A student was being helped by the professor when the bell sounded.
5 The Eiffel Tower has been visited by millions of tourists.
6 The on-line orders have been filled by John and George.
7 The twins had been tutored for six months by Jim before he decided to go to Tibet.
8 The new truck design will be finished by the green team by next week.
9 A book about Albert Einstein is going to be written by the columnist in 2011.
10 A story about European hockey players will be written by John next month.
11 Enough high school credits will have been earned by my son by next semester.
12 Students used to be taught by the French professors in the East Building.
13 Spring break homework would always be assigned by my teachers.
14 We all knew the project would be finished on time by the team.
15 I thought the travel arrangements were going to be made by Jennifer.
Lesson 3:
روش سوم این است که شکل فعلی، اسم، صفت، قید و منفی کلمات را بدانید و مهمتر از همه این که بتوانید هر کدام را در جای مناسبی از جمله قرار دهید. داشتن این دانش به شما کمک می کند که قدرتتان در تغییر یا همان پارافریز بسیار بالا رود
Paraphrase by Changing Nouns to Verbs Purpose:
Some sentences use a noun that is a verb. Some people write like this because they want to make long sentences. Sometimes this is a good style, especially for university essays. To paraphrase well, it is a good idea to know how to change these sentences. This will help you write clear sentences with fewer words. What to do: Rewrite these sentences. Change the noun into a verb. Here are two examples.
Long and wordy: You have to give us your decision by tomorrow.
Better: You have to decide by tomorrow.
Long and wordy: Researchers conducted an investigation into the problem.
Better: Researchers investigated the problem.
Now you try.
ابتدا سعی کنید این جملات را خودتان تغییر بدهید و سپس به پاسخ آنها نگاه کنید.
1 This essay gives an analysis of the problem of climate change and describes a potential solution.
2 The Korean President did not give an explanation for the pardon of his business friend.
3 Our class debate concerned the issue of nuclear weapons.
4 We performed a review of the company's annual reports.
5 The school club of actors did a performance of Romeo and Juliet on the second of June.
6 There is a need for further study of this Master's program.
7 It is necessary for political candidates to give a good performance during a TV debate.
8 There is a need in our city for an assessment of the recycling system.
9 It is my hope that students will use this material.
10 The police conducted an investigation of the robbery.
Suggested Answers
1. This essay analyzes climate change and describes a potential solution.
2. The Korean President did not explain the pardon of his business friend.
3. Our class debated the issue of nuclear weapons.
4. We reviewed the company's annual reports.
5. The school's acting club performed Romeo and Juliet on June 2nd.
6. This Master's program should be studied.
7. Political candidates need to perform well during a TV debate.
8. Our city needs to assess the recycling system.
9. I hope my students will use this material.
10. The police investigated the robbery.
