fce grammar about relative clause
گرامر اف سی ای درباره ی relative clause
Language focus 1: Defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses contain information which is essential for our understanding of the whole sentence.
1 Look at these two extracts from the listening exercise and answer the questions.
I shared a flat once with someone who used to get annoyed about the silliest of things.
He'd also tell me off for cooking food that made the house smell.
The words in bold are relative pronouns. What alternative pronouns can be used?
Can the relative pronoun be omitted from these two sentences? Why/Why not?
2 A relative pronoun has been omitted from the following sentence. Where could it be inserted and which one(s) could be used?
The money we inherited from our grandmother wasn't divided equally between us.
Why is it possible to leave the pronoun out in this case?
3 Which of these two sentences is more formal?
The woman to whom I spoke had no idea what was going on.
The woman who I spoke to had no idea what was going on.
Can the relative pronoun be omitted from either of them?
4 Complete these sentences using when, where, why or whose.
a What's the name of the place we had that accident last year?
b The reason people from Mediterranean countries live so long is because they eat so well.
c I'll always remember the day I started my first job.
dThat's the woman husband you spoke to on the phone.
Check your answers and read more about defining relative clauses on page 214 of the Grammar reference.
5Complete each of the gaps below with an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb. Decide in which sentences there is more than one possibility and whether the word can be left out.
1 I'd like to go back to the restaurant we celebrated your birthday last year.
2 Have you been to the new Spanish tapas bar has just opened in the town centre?
3 Ironic really. The person car they stole had just finished a three-year prison sentence for car theft.
4 Have you finished the book I lent you?
5 I wish I could remember the name of the man sold me this computer.
6 The only thing worries me is the cost. Will we be able to afford it?
7 Here's that phone number you wanted.
8 I was born in 1969. That was the year the first man landed on the Moon.
6 Complete the following sentences with your own ideas.
A good friend is someone who ...
I don't like people that ...
I'd like to have a job which ...
I'll never forget the time when ...
I wouldn't like to live in a country where ...
Compare your sentences with your partner's. Ask each other questions about what you have written.
Speaking 2
Part 1
Interview
In Speaking Part 1 you may be asked to talk about your family and friends. Talk to your partner, taking turns to ask and answer the questions.
How to go about it
- Do not just answer 'yes' or 'no' to the examiner's questions. Develop your answers by giving reasons or examples.
- Do not learn long pre-prepared answers. You are unlikely to sound natural and you may not answer the questions correctly.
- Do you take after your mother or your father? In what way?
- What types of things do you enjoy doing with your family?
- Describe the relationship you have with one of your family members.
- Do you prefer celebrating your birthday with friends or family?
- Do you spend most of your free time on your own or with friends?
- What do you like most about your best friend?
Reading and Use of English
Part 1
Multiple-choice cloze
1 Who are the people in the photograph? How do you think they are feeling?
Do you like having your photograph taken? Why/Why not?
2 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
0 A glanced B looked C seen D stared
All four verbs are related to looking, but seen is the only appropriate word in the context. In addition, the other options, glanced, looked and stared would all be followed by the. preposition at, which does not appear after the gap.
How to go about it
- Read through the whole text first, ignoring the gaps, to get a general idea of the content.
- When making your decisions, look at the words both before and after the gap.
In this exercise, relevant words have been underlined in the first paragraph to help you. (No words are underlined in the exam.)
- You should also consider the overall meaning of the whole sentence in which the gap appears.
For question 7 in this particular exercise, you will also need to consider the meaning of the previous sentence.
Renting family and friends
In recent years Japan has (0)------ the growth ofagencies which rent out actors to (1) the part of relatives, friends and work colleagues. Social events such as weddings or funerals are generally very formal occasions in Japan, and a large (2) of guests is an essential ingredient for many families. But for those unlucky enough to be (3) work or only in temporary employment, there are fewer opportunities to make friends, so people like these (4)to the growing rent-a-person service sector for help.
At one person's wedding recently, as (5) as thirty of the family members, friends and co-workers were fakes, including the boss, as the groom had just been (6) redundant. Often, (7) just one actor is required, perhaps to impersonate the husband of a single mother who needs help sorting out a problem her son is having at school, or to listen as a friend to a lonely person in (8) of conversation.
1 A pretend B play C show D be
2 A amount B quantity C volume D number
3 A out of B away from C over with D off to Doff to
4 A ask B demand C pay D turn
5 A high B soon C many D far
6 A made B taken C given D put
7 A moreover B however C even D although
8 A charge B look C wish D need
3 How popular would a rent-a-person agency be in your country? Why?
