آزمون بهمن ماه 96 ept

Section One: Vocabulary

Read each statement below carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the best answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

Section Two: Structure Part One

Read the following sentences. In each sentence, choose the number of the underlined word or group of words that is NOT correct.

Section Two: Structure Part Two

In each of the following sets of sentences, three sentences are grammatically correct and one sentence is not grammatical. Identify the incorrect sentence and mark your answer sheet.

Section Three: Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the passages and choose the one best answer, (1) , (2), (3) or (4), for each question.

Passage 1 One of the modem world's intriguing sources of mystery has been airplanes vanishing in mid-flight. One of the more famous of these was the disappearance in 1937 of a pioneer woman aviator, Amelia Earhart. On the second last stage of an attempt around the world flight, she had radioed her position as she and her navigator searched for their destination, a tiny island in the Pacific. However, the plane never arrived at Howland Island. Seventy years after Earhart's disappearance, 'myth busters' continue to search for her. She was the best-known American woman pilot in the world. People were tracking her flight with great interest when, suddenly, she vanished. Aircraft had developed rapidly in sophistication after World War One, with the 1920s and 1930s marked b an aeronautical record-setting frenzy. Conquest of the air had become a global obsession. While Earhart was making headlines with her solo flights, other aviators like high altitude pioneer Wiley Post and industrialist Howard Hughes were grabbing some glory of their own. But only Earhart from Kansas who disappeared three week after her 40th birthday still grips the public imagination. Her disappearance has been the subject of at least fifty books, countless magazine and newspaper articles, and TV documentaries. It is seen by journalists as the last great American mystery.There are currently different theories about Amelia Earhart's fate. There were reports of distress calls from the Phoenix Islands made on Earhart's radio frequency for days after she vanished. Some say the plane could have broadcast only if it were on land not in the water. No one was able to trace the calls at the time, so whether Earhart was on land in the Phoenix Islands or someone else in the Phoenix Islands used her radio remains a mystery. Others dismiss the radio calls as fake and insist Earhart and her navigator ditched in the water. An Earhart researcher claims that Earhart' airplane ran out of gas within fifty-two miles of the island and is sitting somewhere in a 6,000-square-mile area, at a depth of 17 .000 feet.

Passage 2

Agriculture in the West and South of the United States has traditionally been supported by migrant workers who migrate or move from area to area according to the crops that need harvesting. Many Chinese, Filipino, and Mexican immigrant became migrant workers when they first arrived in the United States. Often they had problems with the English language or no skills that they could immediately use in the new country. A Person looking objectively at the living conditions of these workers might say that their way of life was little better than slavery. They were accommodated in substandard conditions. received wages far below the minimum, and had no medical or insurance benefits. The migrant workers had no labor unions that could bargain for better wages, better hours, or improved working conditions. They had no money and no power with which to bargain with their employers. Employers were making fortunes by the sweat of their workers' brows. It took an idealistic, determined young man named Cesar Chavez to change the plight of the migrant worker forever.

Passage 3

Finish-born botanist William Nylander taught at the University of Helsinki for a number of years and later moved to Paris, where he lived until his death at the end of the nineteenth century. During the second half of the nineteenth century, he became a prominent figure in the field of lichenology. Botanists from all over the world sent amples to his laboratory to be analyzed and classified. It can be said without exaggeration that four out of five lichens bear his name. He was the first to realize the importance of using chemical reagents in the taxonomy of lichens. He selected the most common reagents used by the chemists of his time. Lichenologists all over the world still use these reagents, including tincture of iodine and hypochlorite, in their laboratories. During the first half of the twentieth century a Japanese named Arahina added only one chemical product - P - Phenoldiamines.Nylander was also responsible for discovering that the atmosphere of big citie hindered the lichens' development and caused them to disappear. Now they are used to detect atmospheric pollution. Nevertheless, he considered lichens to be simple plants and vehemently opposed the widely accepted modem theories that lichens are a compound species formed by two discordant elements: algae and fungi.

Passage 4

Noise pollution does more than distract or annoy you, according to recent studies. Research in the U.K. and by national parks in the U.S. reveal sound pollution i affecting your health, as well as the well-being of wild animals. Health effects of noise pollution include both your mental and physical health. A U.K. team studied the impacts of sound pollution on residents near London's Heathrow airport. They found that high levels of aircraft noise - which exceed more than 100 decibels - cause an increased risk of being admitted to the hospital, as well as dying from a stroke, cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease.Noise pollution also affects children, causing lower scores in reading comprehension and memory. In fact, one study found that a child's reading age was delayed by two months for every five-decibel increase in aircraft noise exposure. A 15-year U.K. study discovered deaths from heart attacks increased when the sound was louder and heard over a longer period. Researchers also found that just a 10 decibel increase in aircraft noise raised blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke rates by 7 to 17%. That is a substantial amount and can have a significant impact on your long term health. Irritation from noise pollution varies and is dependent on your personality, character and existing mental health. You may feel like it is a nuisance, while a neighbor may view it as an invasion of privacy. Those with mental health conditions are at a higher risk for developing noise annoyance. Noise pollution also affects animals, and not just from road or air traffic. A stud conducted across 400 sites in the U.S. found that more than a fifth of protected land had an extra 10 decibels of human noise, which can cause animals to miss key sounds, like an approaching predator. It is clear how sound pollution affects animals-it interrupts their way of life and inhibits their natural instincts. However, how is noise pollution affecting our health, specifically our cardiovascular system?

Researchers have a few theories: Noise exposure increases stress levels. Because sound pollution raises stress levels, it makes your body become physiologically aroused, meaning your heart rate and blood pressure increase due to your stress. Thi reaction contributes to key risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, like high blood pressure, and can later lead to a heart attack or stroke due to your bodv's constant reaction to noise pollution. Sound pollution causes distractions. Researchers believe children's reading comprehension and memory scores drop in response to noise because it's distracting and makes it difficult for them to focus. Scientists are still exploring this area and may find a new explanation through additional research. Noise pollution disrupts sleep patterns. Noise does not have to wake you up to affect your quality of sleep. Just by hearing road or air traffic, your body's breathing, heart rate, and body movements are affected. Repeated nights of interrupted sleep wear your body out, making you prone to becoming sick.

Section Four: Cloze Passage

Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most appropriate choice.

If you look up 'tea' in the first cookery book that ... (86) ... to hand, you will probably find that it is unmentioned; or ... (87) ... most you will find a few lines of ketchy ... (88) ... which give no ruling on several of the most important points. This is curious, not only because tea is one of the mainstays of civilization. but because the best manner of ... (89) ... it is the subject of violent disputes. When I look through my own ...(90)... for the perfect cup of tea, I find no fewer than eight outstanding points ...(91)... perhaps two of them there would be pretty general agreement, but at least four others are acutely . . . (92) . . . . Here are some rules, every one of which can be regarded as golden:

A. One should use Iranian or Ceylonese tea. China tea ... (93) ... virtues which are not to be despised nowadays-it is economical, and one can drink it without milk-but there is not much ... (94) ... in it.

B. Tea should be made in small quantities-that is, in a teapot. The teapot should be ... (95) . . . of china or earthenware.

C. The pot should be ... (96) ... beforehand. This is better done by placing it on the hob than by the usua1 method of swilling it out with hot water.

D. The tea should be strong. For a pot holding a quart, if you are going to fill it nearly to the brim, six heaped teaspoons would be about right. 1n a time of inflation, this is not an idea that can be ... (97) ... on every day of the week, but I maintain that one strong cup of tea is better than twenty weak ones. All true tea ... (98) ... not only like their tea strong, but like it a little stronger.

E. The tea should be put straight ... (99) ... the pot. In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout to catch the stray leaves, which are ... (100) ... to be harmful. Actually, one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot it never infuses properly.