آزمون آذر ماه 96 ept

Section One: Vocabulary

Read each statement below carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the best answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

Section Two: Structure Part One

Read the following sentences. In each sentence, choose the number of the underlined word or group of words that is NOT correct.

Section Two: Structure Part Two

In each of the following sets of sentences, three sentences are grammatically correct and one sentence is not grammatical. Identify the incorrect sentence and mark your answer sheet.

Section Three: Reading Comprehension

Directions: Read the passages and choose the one best answer, (1) , (2), (3) or (4), for each question.

Passage 1

an Francisco is where I grew up between the ages of two and ten and where I lived for a period when I was about 13 and again as a married man from the ages of 37 to 51. So quite a big slice of my life has been spent there. My mother, who is now 90 still lives in Los Gatos, about 60 miles south of San Francisco. Even though I have ince lived in Switzerland and settled in London over 25 years ago. I have kept some property in California for sentimental reasons. Climatically, San Francisco and London are similar and so are the people who settle in both cities. San Francisco is sophisticated, and like London has many parks and squares. Every day my sisters and I were taken to play in the parks as children. We had an English upbringing regarding plenty of fresh air and outdoor games. I did not go to school. My whole formal education consisted of some three hours when I wa five. I was sent to school but came home at noon on the first day and said I did not enjoy it. I had not learned anything and could not see the point of many children itting restlessly while a teacher taught from a big book. My parents decided, wisely, I think, that school was not for me and I never went back. My mother then took over my education and brought up my two sisters and me rather in the way of an educated English lady. The emphasis was on languages and reading rather than sciences and mathematics. Sometimes she taught us herself, but we also had other teachers, and we were kept to a strict routine. About once a week, we walked to Golden Gate Park that led down to the sea. One day I noticed a little windmill in the window of a shop we passed on our way to the park, and I remember now how my heart yearned for it. I could not roll my 'r's when I was small and my mother who was a perfectionist regarding pronunciation, said if I could pronounce an 'r' well, I would have the windmill. I practiced and practiced and one morning woke everybody up with my 'r's. I got the windmill. I usually get the things I want in life - but I work for them and dream of them.

Passage 2

The atmosphere surrounding Earth is made up of several layers of gas mixtures. The most common gases in our atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The amount of the gases in the mixture varies above the different places on Earth. The atmosphere puts pressure on the planet. The amount of pressure becomes less and less the further away from Earth's surface, you are. When we think of the atmosphere, we mostly think of the part that is closest to us. At any moment in time, the overall condition of Earth's atmosphere, including the part we can see and the parts we cannot, is cal1ed weather. Weather can change, and it frequently does. That is because the conditions of the atmosphere can change. The four main layers in Earth's atmosphere are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The layer that is closest to the surface of Earth is called the troposphere. It extends up from the surface of Earth for about 11 kilometers. This i the layer where airplanes fly. We experience almost all weather in this layer. About three-fourths of our atmosphere's air is also found in the troposphere. Just above the troposphere is the stratosphere. It extends to about 50 kilometers above Earth's surface. Most of our planet's ozone layer is in this colder, drier layer. Ozone i important to the health of our planet because it helps keep some of the sun' dangerous radiation from reaching the Earth's surface. If we continue upward, the next layer is the mesosphere, which extends up to about 80 kilometers above Earth' urface. The mesosphere is extremely cold. It is within this layer that you are most likely to find meteors. Most meteors will completely bum up before they reach Earth's surface. The final layer is the thermosphere, the layer that is closest to the sun. Temperatures in the thermosphere can be over 1,500° Celsius. Together, the layers of our atmosphere protect Earth. The atmosphere provides the conditions needed to support life.

Passage 3

The works of Shakespeare have been translated into all of the major languages in the world over 80 languages. four hundred years after he died, Shakespeare is studied in schools and universities worldwide, and throughout the world, he is still considered by many as the greatest writer of all time. Shakespeare's plays have been made into over 420 films - far more than any other author - and each year there are hundreds of Shakespeare festivals worldwide, including many in non-English-speaking countries. For a writer who died 400 years ago, this volume of attention and respect is incredible. So how has Shakespeare managed to establish such an unmense reputation?

Shakespeare distinguished himself from other writers of his time. in that while many other writers mastered one side of dramatic art, Shakespeare mastered them all. He could write amazing poetry, but he was also a master of ordinary prose dialogue; he could write lines of the most tragic sinceritv, but he was also a master of comedy, and he could even mix comedy and tragedy in the same play, inventing the dramatic technique known as "comic relief." He wrote some hilarious comedies such as A Midsummer Night's Dream, the world's most famous romantic tragedy in Romeo and Juliet, some of the darkest tragedies ever written in King Lear or Othello, and a number of the greatest historic dramas ever written.One surprising thing about Shakespeare's plays is that few of the stories were original. Most frequently, Shakespeare took well-known stories or stories from history, and even classic plots of situational comedy. and retold them in his own words. Even Romeo and Juliet was not "invented" by Shakespeare: several versions of the story were published in Italy and England in the sixteenth century. from 1530 onwards; but Shakespeare took the storv. reworked it and transformed it into a masterpiece that is now known worldwide.

Passage 4

As many as thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe-sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them "pueblos," which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called "the three sisters" - com, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. In the Far North, the Inuit lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River.

Section Four: Cloze Passage

Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most appropriate choice.

Although industrialization was an inevitable part ... (86)... the culture in which we live, it didn't ... (87) ... without a price. Killer smog in ...(88) ... London and Donora Valley, PA, were stepping stones . . . (89) . . . the path of discovery on the effects of pollution ... (90) ... our environment. In Scandinavia, a relatively pristine environment with beautiful lakes, people ... (91) ... to notice that the fish in the southern lakes of Norway were beginning to . . . (92) . . . . As a result of thi ... (93) ... , scientists began measuring the ... (94) ... of the water of the lakes and found that the lakes were becoming acidic. Someone decided to look at the rainwater and by ... (95) ... it and measuring the acidity, they discovered that indeed the rain was ... (96) ... more acidity to the lakes. The rain was ... (97) ... to contain increasing levels of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Norway was not a big industrial ... (98) ... , so scientists began looking at the way the wind came across the country. Germany, the UK, and Poland all were found to be ... (99) ... the increase in acidity of the rain. So when it was decided to put the smokestacks higher to displace the pollution to another area, it created yet another problem ... (100) ... acid rain. Acid rain occurred in the United States, too. Its effects were felt most severely in the northeastern part of the United States but were generated from coal burning factories mostly in the Midwest.