FCE Grammar about passive voice
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Vocabulary 2: Paraphrasing and recording
1 a In 1-8 below, complete each gap with one word so that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first. The second sentence is taken from the reading text on page 130. There is an example at the beginning (0). Do the exercise without looking at the reading text on page 130.
0 I cannot see any ashtrays.
There are no ashtrays in sight . [ 11]
1 Our reputation is mostly the fault of cinema and television.
Cinema and television are mostly to for our reputation. [18]
2 The day-to-day work is often not at all stimulating.
The day-to-day work is often from stimulating. [25)
3 We know how to tell people bad news.
We're at breaking bad news. [ 48)
4 We charge anything between fifty and eighty pounds per hour.
The rate is anything between fifty and eighty pounds. [54-55)
5 A single case will often cost tho usands of pounds.
The cost of a single case will often into thousands of pounds. [56)
6 Everyone can obtain the technology.
The technology is freely . [59)
7 Finding out the truth is often just too painful to do alone.
Finding out the truth is often just too painful to do on your . [62]
8 Jenny used to be a night club owner.
Jenny is a night club owner. [63]
b Check your answers in the reading text on page 130. The relevant line numbers are given in brackets.
2 Paraphrase the following sentences from the reading text and record both sentences in your vocabulary notebook. You do not need to change every word in the sentence. The first one has been done for you.
a The desks are free of paper. [12)
e.g. There is no paper on the desks.
b Concentrated faces ... give the place a busy feel. [13-14]
c We always work very strictly within the law. [ 19)
d Women don't have a monopoly on patience. [38)
e People open up to a woman more readily. [45-46]
f Clients are reluctant to get involved. [61)
g She gives a slight grin. [64-65)
Language focus 2: Passives
1 a Look at the following sentences from the reading text on page 130. In each one underline one example of the passive.
1 If we don't stick to the laws, there's a very real danger that the evidence we obtain will not be accepted in
court.
2 Most of what we do could be done by the clients.
3 She drops her voice to a whisper so as not to be overheard by her staff.
4 Her mobile phone rings and she is called away on business.
b Complete the following sentence about the passive:
To form the passive, we use an appropriate form of the verb and the participle.
c In sentences with passives, the agents are the people or things who do the action. They appear after the preposition by.
Who are the agents in sentences 2 and 3 above?
Why are there no agents in sentences 1 or 4?
Read more about passives in A and Bon page 217 of the Grammar reference.
2 Complete the gaps in the following texts with an appropriate form of the verb in brackets. Use the words in bold to help you make your choices.
A
Antisocial behaviour is defined (define) as conduct that causes or is likely to cause alarm or distress to other people. Different types of anti-social behaviour may (categorize) as follows:
- Disrespect for the community, g. noisy neighbours
- Acts that target people, g. threatening behaviour
- Environmental damage, g. vandalism and graffiti
- Misuse of public places, g. street drinking
B
Closed Circuit Television Cameras (install) on buses in four major cities next month. A spokesman for the government, which (criticize) in recent weeks for being 'too soft on crime', said the CCTV cameras would improve passenger safety and help reduce antisocial behaviour such as vandalism.
C
Last month police patrols (increase) in the town's parks and open spaces. Their aim is not necessarily to arrest young people who (find) drinking in public places. In most cases so far , parents (contact) and asked to come and take their child home. 'Parents need (make) aware of their responsibilities,' said a police spokesperson. 'We emphasize to them the importance of knowing where their children go and what they do there.'
D
Noisy neighbours who consistently played loud music in their town-centre flat (fine) £300 yesterday and ordered to pay £250 court costs. The court (tell) that students Joe Cave and Irene Burstall ( warn ) on several occasions previously that legal action (take) if the music (not/turn) down. Both now have criminal records.
E
'When I got there , the little one (push) around by the four older boys,' said 70-year-old Mrs Slade. ' They were pushing him quite hard . I was worried he might (attack) more seriously, so I started hitting them with my umbrella. Then I fell over and they ran off.' After {treat) in hospital for minor cuts and bruises, Mrs Slade (send) home last night.
3 How serious a problem is antisocial behaviour where you live?
How effective would the above methods, B-E, be in dealing with antisocial behaviour in your area.
